他不是美国人,而是英国人:
He is not American, but British.
这个翻译是对的,不应该改成:
He is not an American, but a British.
改成上面的句子反而错了。
牛津词典上有例句:
She is British. 她是英国人
I am American. 我是美国人
可见 British, American 跟 Chinese 一样,都可以做形容词使用,意思是 of or connected with America, or Britain, or China.
如果要把 American 做 noun 使用的话,可以说 He is an American.
至于British,
British 经常和 the 连用, 它的意思是 the people of Great Britain, 表示英国人这个群体,是复数概念。牛津词典里是这么说的:
There is no singular noun which is commonly used to refer to a person from Britain. Instead the adjective British is used.
例如:
She is British.
The British have a very odd sense of humor.
至于 Englishman,
An Englishman is a person from England. 所以 Englishman 不过是英格兰人而已。
Briton 才是指包括不列颠各地方的人在内的“英国人”,即 a person from Britain
所以如果要把 American 当做名词用表示美国人, 即 a person from America, especially the US. 那么
他不是美国人,而是英国人。
可以翻译成: He is not an American, but a Briton.